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Fluoride is credited with slashing cavities—and questioned for possible effects on IQ and thyroid at higher doses. As a Stanford-trained physician in longevity, I walk through what fluoride is, how it works on enamel, where risk shows up (and at what levels), and how to keep the benefits while minimizing downsides—especially for pregnancy, infants, kidney disease, and heavy tea drinkers.
What you’ll learn
• How fluoride hardens enamel (hydroxyapatite → fluorapatite)
• Why total exposure matters today (toothpaste, rinses, processed foods, tea)
• The IQ and thyroid signals at greater than 1.5 mg/L and who should be cautious
• Practical steps: testing your water, RO/distillation, kids’ toothpaste dosing, and topical vs systemic exposure
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